A good piece of analysis on the emergence of European/Western identity:“The process by which people in the West came to define what made their own civilization distinctive among the civilizations of the world entailed drawing a series of sharp contrasts between what they noww began to see as Western and what they began to see as non-Western. These contrasts delienated those characteristics and virtues which Europeans were coming to see as unique to Western civilization, especially in its modern form, and which they thought accounted for its increasing power, wealth and knowledge. Conversely, it was other societies’ lack of these characteristics, these core values and traits, that made them weak and backward and that thus both facilitated and justified Western domination. In the course of defining who they were not and who their ‘others’ were, Europeans simultaneously defined and consolidated their own identity.”Zachary Lockman, Contending Visions of the Middle East
A general picture of Huntington's argument: Great division among humankind will be cultural instead of ideological and primarily economic. Non-Western civilizations no longer remain the objects of history as targets of Western colonialism but join the West as movers and shapers of history. Civilization: Highest cultural grouping people, broadest level of cultural identity people that distinguishes humans from other species. Two major variants: European-North American Islam has its three subdivisions: Arab, Turkic and Malay. Civilizations differ from each other by history, language, culture, tradition and religion. Cultural identity turns into civilization consciousness. Why civilizations will crash?